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The final phase focuses on termination or a “good goodbye.”Ĭommunication Analysis: Communication analysis is used to enhance communication skills and thereby improve interpersonal functioning. The middle phase is focused on resolving the chosen interpersonal problem area in order to improve mood symptoms. During that time, the therapist has specific tasks (viz., obtain a psychiatric history and interpersonal inventory, offer a case formulation). The initial phase can last up to three sessions.
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IPT has three phases: beginning, middle, and end. Not surprisingly, patients with chronic impairment in social functioning who lack the life events on which IPT focuses fare worse in IPT. Although many patients seeking IPT treatment have deficits in interpersonal functioning, the interpersonal deficits category is reserved for cases where no other treatment focus is apparent. Interpersonal Deficits is chosen as a problem area when there is no clear acute interpersonal event associated with the onset or maintenance of the depressive episode and the individual describes a long standing history of impoverished or contentious interpersonal relationships. The transition is conceptualized as moving from one social role to another social role (i.e., from a student to an employee, from military to civilian status, from single to married, etc.). Role transitions may occur in many domains including employment, relationship status, physical health, living conditions, socioeconomic status, etc. Role Transition is chosen as a problem area when the onset or maintenance of the depressive episode is associated with difficulty coping with changes in current life circumstances. Role Dispute is chosen as a problem area when the onset or maintenance of the depressive episode is associated with an unsatisfying interpersonal relationship characterized by non-reciprocal role expectations between the two parties. Grief is chosen as a problem area when the onset or maintenance of the depressive episode is associated with the death of a person close to the patient. Interpersonal Problem Areas: In IPT, the therapist selects one of four interpersonal problem areas as the focus for treatment. The therapist uses information from the interpersonal inventory to select the interpersonal problem area. The therapist seeks to understand the sources of social support, nature of confiding relationships, romantic attachments, interpersonal communication style, and relationship difficulties that may be a cause or consequence of the depressive episode. The therapist carefully reviews the important people in the patient’s life and the quality of those relationships.
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Interpersonal Inventory: The inventory is an extended psychosocial assessment. In clinical practice, the therapist can adjust the number of sessions to meet the needs of the patient and health care setting, but it is important to define from the outset a discrete time frame for the therapy. IPT has been tested in an even shorter, 8-session, brief format. Time Limit: IPT was originally conceptualized to be delivered as 12-16 weekly, 45-50 minute, individual sessions.